Surface Brightess Fluctuations

• Method
  
• Method (cont)
• Cartoon
• Reality (from Dunn & Jerjen, AJ, 132, 1384, 2006)
• More Reality (from Blakeslee 2012)
  
• Complication due to metallicity effect
• Globular cluster color-mag diagram showing red giant branch
• Metallicity effects on RGB
• SBF Metallicity effects - model (from Raimondo etal 1996)
• SBF Metallicity effects - observations (from Jensen etal, ApJ, 583, 712, 2003)
  
• Method applied to nearby groups (using apparent magnitude)
• Calibration:
  
• Stellar Modelling (late stage stellar evolution is hard! model uncertainty ~ 0.1 mag)
  
• Cepheid distances to groups (uncertainty ~ 0.1 mag)
  
• Application to Fornax (d=20.1, Dunn & Jerjen 2006)
• Fornax Velocity Field (Dunn & Jerjen 2006)
• Fornax to Virgo (Blakeslee 2012)
• Virgo (d=16.5, Mei etal 2007)
• Cluster schematic
• SBF distances
  
• Virgo Velocity Field (View 1, View 2) (Mei et al 2007)